5 LEVELS of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Level 1: Basics
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
What is the role of glucose in the body?
How is glucose regulated in the body?
What are ketone bodies?
What is the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?
What is the difference between Type I and II Diabetes Mellitus?
Level 2: Elementary
What causes ketone bodies to form?
What is the process of ketone body formation?
Why does a diabetic patient suddenly develop DKA?
What are the general symptoms of marked hyperglycemia early in disease?
What are the severe signs and consequences of DKA?
Is DKA more common in Type I or II DM?
Level 3: Intermediate
What is the more detailed process of ketone body formation?
What is the role of Acetyl CoA in ketoacidosis?
How does a precipitating stressor affect glucagon stimulation?
How does hyperglycemia in DKA lead to common symptoms?
What is the formula for calculating plasma osmolality?
What is the formula for calculating an anion gap?
What is an anion gap?
What is the triad of DKA?
What are common physical exam findings of DKA patients?
How do you begin evaluating a DKA patient?
What tests should you consider after an initial evaluation?
Level 4: Advanced
What are commonly overlooked causes of DKA?
What steps should be taken after immediate initial evaluation?
What is a urine dipstick/nitroprusside test?
What is the beta-hydroxybutyrate serum assay?
Why is serum sodium typically low in DKA?
Why is serum potassium typically elevated or normal in DKA?
What can you expect from serum phosphorous in DKA?
How does insulin affect potassium and phosphorous?
What tests should be considered, but not always ordered in DKA?
What is the general approach to treatment?
Level 5: Master
How does one calculate effective plasma osmolality?
Can serum lipase and amylase be used to diagnose pancreatitis in the setting of DKA?
At what white blood cell count and band % does infection become likely in the setting of DKA?
What volume should be administered initially?
What are the guidelines for potassium repletion?
What are the guidelines for insulin therapy?
When should you give sodium bicarbonate?
What can cause false negatives and false positives on urine dipstick testing?
Is it possible to have a euglycemic patient presenting with DKA?
Really enjoyed this style! Super helpful. Thank you. ?
I am DT1 and I just want to thank you for the great presentation ? you just connect the dots for all my questions
I’m a t1d and I’m in dka now
it is very detailed yet never gets boring. you are sir a very talented educator. the best are the examples you give in between when it gets too complicated. the style is flawless
Loved this style! You just summed up the entire endocrine section of diabetes in my program perfectly! Thank you!
Type ll is not always because of obesity… it’s also genetic as is for sure high triglycerides (as in my family) that leads to diabetes usually….goes hand in hand and I think other cholesterols too.